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The SecOps Group CNSP 考試大綱：

主題	簡介
主題 1	TCP IP (Protocols and Networking Basics): This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and covers the fundamental principles of TCP IP, explaining how data moves through different layers of the network. It emphasizes the roles of protocols in enabling communication between devices and sets the foundation for understanding more advanced topics.
主題 2	Cryptography: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and focuses on basic encryption and decryption methods used to protect data in transit and at rest. It includes an overview of algorithms, key management, and the role of cryptography in maintaining data confidentiality.
主題 3	Network Security Tools and Frameworks (such as Nmap, Wireshark, etc)
主題 4	Password Storage: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and addresses safe handling of user credentials. It explains how hashing, salting, and secure storage methods can mitigate risks associated with password disclosure or theft.
主題 5	Network Architectures, Mapping, and Target Identification: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and reviews different network designs, illustrating how to diagram and identify potential targets in a security context. It stresses the importance of accurate network mapping for efficient troubleshooting and defense.
主題 6	Basic Malware Analysis: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and offers an introduction to identifying malicious software. It covers simple analysis methods for recognizing malware behavior and the importance of containment strategies in preventing widespread infection.
主題 7	Network Scanning & Fingerprinting: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and covers techniques for probing and analyzing network hosts to gather details about open ports, operating systems, and potential vulnerabilities. It emphasizes ethical and legal considerations when performing scans.
主題 8	Open-Source Intelligence Gathering (OSINT): This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and discusses methods for collecting publicly available information on targets. It stresses the legal and ethical aspects of OSINT and its role in developing a thorough understanding of potential threats.
主題 9	This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and explains how to verify the security and performance of various services running on a network. It focuses on identifying weaknesses in configurations and protocols that could lead to unauthorized access or data leaks.
主題 10	TLS Security Basics: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and outlines the process of securing network communication through encryption. It highlights how TLS ensures data integrity and confidentiality, emphasizing certificate management and secure configurations.
主題 11	Social Engineering attacks: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and addresses the human element of security breaches. It describes common tactics used to manipulate users, emphasizes awareness training, and highlights how social engineering can bypass technical safeguards.
主題 12	Testing Network Services
主題 13	Active Directory Security Basics: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and introduces the fundamental concepts of directory services, highlighting potential security risks and the measures needed to protect identity and access management systems in a Windows environment.
主題 14	Network Discovery Protocols: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and examines how protocols like ARP, ICMP, and SNMP enable the detection and mapping of network devices. It underlines their importance in security assessments and network monitoring.
主題 15	Common vulnerabilities affecting Windows Services: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and focuses on frequently encountered weaknesses in core Windows components. It underscores the need to patch, configure, and monitor services to prevent privilege escalation and unauthorized use.
主題 16	Database Security Basics: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and covers how databases can be targeted for unauthorized access. It explains the importance of strong authentication, encryption, and regular auditing to ensure that sensitive data remains protected.
主題 17	Linux and Windows Security Basics: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Analysts and compares foundational security practices across these two operating systems. It addresses file permissions, user account controls, and basic hardening techniques to reduce the attack surface.
主題 18	Testing Web Servers and Frameworks: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Analysts and examines how to assess the security of web technologies. It looks at configuration issues, known vulnerabilities, and the impact of unpatched frameworks on the overall security posture.

 

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最新的 Security Practitioner CNSP 免費考試真題 (Q12-Q17):

問題 #12
Which SMB (Server Message Block) network protocol version introduced support for encrypting SMB traffic?

• A. SMBv1
• B. None of the above
• C. SMBv2
• D. SMBv3

答案：D

解題說明：
The SMB protocol, used for file and printer sharing, has evolved across versions, with significant security enhancements in later iterations.
Why C is correct: SMBv3, introduced with Windows 8 and Server 2012, added native support for encrypting SMB traffic. This feature uses AES-CCM encryption to protect data in transit, addressing vulnerabilities in earlier versions. CNSP notes SMBv3's encryption as a critical security improvement.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . SMBv1: Lacks encryption support and is considered insecure, often disabled due to vulnerabilities like WannaCry exploitation.
B . SMBv2: Introduces performance improvements but does not support encryption natively.
D . None of the above: Incorrect, as SMBv3 is the version that introduced encryption.

 

問題 #13
What ports can be queried to perform a DNS zone transfer?

• A. 53/TCP
• B. Both 1 and 2
• C. 53/UDP
• D. None of the above

答案：A

解題說明：
A DNS zone transfer involves replicating the DNS zone data (e.g., all records for a domain) from a primary to a secondary DNS server, requiring a reliable transport mechanism.
Why A is correct: DNS zone transfers use TCP port 53 because TCP ensures reliable, ordered delivery of data, which is critical for transferring large zone files. CNSP notes that TCP is the standard protocol for zone transfers (e.g., AXFR requests), as specified in RFC 5936.
Why other options are incorrect:
B . 53/UDP: UDP port 53 is used for standard DNS queries and responses due to its speed and lower overhead, but it is not suitable for zone transfers, which require reliability over speed.
C . Both 1 and 2: This is incorrect because zone transfers are exclusively TCP-based, not UDP-based.
D . None of the above: Incorrect, as 53/TCP is the correct port for DNS zone transfers.

 

問題 #14
What is the response from an open TCP port which is not behind a firewall?

• A. A SYN and an ACK packet
• B. A RST and an ACK packet
• C. A SYN packet
• D. A FIN and an ACK packet

答案：A

解題說明：
TCP's three-way handshake, per RFC 793, establishes a connection:
Client → Server: SYN (Synchronize) packet (e.g., port 80).
Server → Client: SYN-ACK (Synchronize-Acknowledge) packet if the port is open and listening.
Client → Server: ACK (Acknowledge) completes the connection.
Scenario: An open TCP port (e.g., 80 for HTTP) with no firewall. When a client sends a SYN to an open port (e.g., via telnet 192.168.1.1 80), the server responds with a SYN-ACK packet, indicating willingness to connect. No firewall means no filtering alters this standard response.
Packet Details:
SYN-ACK: Sets SYN and ACK flags in the TCP header, with a sequence number and acknowledgment number.
Example: Client SYN (Seq=100), Server SYN-ACK (Seq=200, Ack=101).
Security Implications: Open ports responding with SYN-ACK are easily detected (e.g., Nmap "open" state), inviting exploits if unneeded (e.g., Telnet on 23). CNSP likely stresses port minimization and monitoring.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . A FIN and an ACK packet: FIN-ACK closes an established connection, not a response to a new SYN.
B . A SYN packet: SYN initiates a connection from the client, not a server response.
D . A RST and an ACK packet: RST-ACK rejects a connection (e.g., closed port), not an open one.
Real-World Context: SYN-ACK from SSH (22/TCP) confirms a server's presence during reconnaissance.

 

問題 #15
Which SMB (Server Message Block) network protocol versions are vulnerable to the EternalBlue (MS17-010) Windows exploit?

• A. SMBv1 only
• B. SMBv2 only
• C. Both SMBv1 and SMBv2
• D. SMBv3 only

答案：A

解題說明：
EternalBlue (MS17-010) is an exploit targeting a buffer overflow in Microsoft's SMB (Server Message Block) implementation, leaked by the Shadow Brokers in 2017. SMB enables file/printer sharing:
SMBv1 (1980s): Legacy, used in Windows NT/XP.
SMBv2 (2006, Vista): Enhanced performance/security.
SMBv3 (2012, Windows 8): Adds encryption, multichannel.
Vulnerability:
EternalBlue exploits a flaw in SMBv1's SRVNET driver (srv.sys), allowing remote code execution via crafted packets. Microsoft patched it in March 2017 (MS17-010).
Affected OS: Windows XP to Server 2016 (pre-patch), if SMBv1 enabled.
Proof: WannaCry/NotPetya used it, targeting port 445/TCP.
SMBv1 Only: The bug resides in SMBv1's packet handling (e.g., TRANS2 requests). SMBv2/v3 rewrote this code, immune to the specific overflow.
Microsoft: Post-patch, SMBv1 is disabled by default (Windows 10 1709+).
Security Implications: CNSP likely stresses disabling SMBv1 (e.g., via Group Policy) and patching, as EternalBlue remains a threat in legacy environments.
Why other options are incorrect:
B, C: SMBv2/v3 aren't vulnerable; the flaw is SMBv1-specific.
D: SMBv2 isn't affected, only SMBv1.
Real-World Context: WannaCry's 2017 rampage hit unpatched SMBv1 systems (e.g., NHS), costing billions.

 

問題 #16
The Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of object groups that is managed by which service?

• A. TACACS
• B. SNMP
• C. NTP
• D. SMTP

答案：B

解題說明：
The Management Information Base (MIB) is a structured database defining manageable objects (e.g., CPU usage, interface status) in a network device. It's part of the SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) framework, per RFC 1157, used for monitoring and managing network devices (e.g., routers, switches).
SNMP Mechanics:
MIB Structure: Hierarchical, with Object Identifiers (OIDs) like 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0 (sysDescr).
Ports: UDP 161 (agent), 162 (traps).
Operation: Agents expose MIB data; managers (e.g., Nagios) query it via GET/SET commands.
MIB files (e.g., IF-MIB, HOST-RESOURCES-MIB) are vendor-specific or standardized, parsed by SNMP tools (e.g., snmpwalk). CNSP likely covers SNMP for network monitoring and securing it against enumeration (e.g., weak community strings like "public").
Why other options are incorrect:
A . SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Email delivery (TCP 25), unrelated to MIB or device management.
C . NTP (Network Time Protocol): Time synchronization (UDP 123), not MIB-related.
D . TACACS (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System): Authentication/authorization (TCP 49), not MIB management.
Real-World Context: SNMP misconfiguration led to the 2018 Cisco switch exploits via exposed MIB data.

 

問題 #17
......

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